Civil engineering is the part of construction where the ground itself is the hazard. Excavations collapse without warning and a cubic metre of soil weighs more than a tonne; buried services are struck because nobody scanned or hand-dug; plant works close to people because the site is a strip of road rather than a fenced compound; and reinforced-concrete frames depend on falsework and formwork that are loaded before anyone has checked them.
The controls are specific and prescribed. CDM 2015 regulation 22 requires excavations to be supported or battered where there is a risk of collapse and regulation 24 requires them to be inspected at the start of every shift; HSG47, Avoiding danger from underground services, sets out plans, cable detection and safe digging; BS 5975 governs temporary works; the Work at Height Regulations 2005 cover every edge and platform; and workplace transport is planned to keep plant and people apart.
It is also the sector where the person doing the safety work is judged on whether they understand the job. A background in plant operation and years on groundworks and frame contracts mean the RAMS review, the excavation inspection and the toolbox talk are done by someone who has stood in the hole.